我用的stm32官方版本3.5的固件庫。單片機(jī)是STM32f103zet，所以的用的啟動(dòng)代碼是startup_stm32f10x_hd.s。
讀這個(gè)文件的時(shí)候用到了很多資料，大部分來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，作者不詳，感謝他們。
其中知名的有，理想智芯科技的李想老師，玩轉(zhuǎn)stm32的作者野火團(tuán)隊(duì)，感謝他們。
這是arm公司的技術(shù)支持可以用中文http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp。
;EQU偽指令 為0x00000400取個(gè)別名Stack_Size
;Stack_Size指定棧的大小
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400

;AREA偽指令定義一個(gè)段STACK（棧段），屬性為:NOINIT(不初始化), READWRITE（可讀可寫）, ALIGN=3（8字
;節(jié)對齊）。
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3

;APACE偽指令分配棧空間
;Stack_Mem變量在棧低
;__initial_sp變量的棧頂
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
__initial_sp

;下面代碼語法同上，定義堆空間
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8 ;8字節(jié)對齊
THUMB ;用32位的Thumb指令
;定義REST段，屬性DATA(數(shù)據(jù)類型),READONLY（只讀）
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors;輸出 __Vectors變量，可以在其他文件使用
EXPORT __Vectors_End ;輸出 __Vectors_End 變量，可以在其他文件使用
EXPORT __Vectors_Size ;輸出 __Vectors_Size 變量，可以在其他文件使用

;下面代碼完成中斷向量的存儲(chǔ)工作，
;DCD xxxx_xxxx 意為安字存儲(chǔ)xxxx_xxxx變量的首地址
;__Vectors變量存儲(chǔ)的內(nèi)容為__initial_sp變量的地址
;__Vectors的地址為中斷向量表的首地址
;__Vectors_End的地址為中斷向量表的結(jié)束地址地址
;__Vectors_Size 代表向量標(biāo)的大小
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors


;定義|.text|段，屬性為：CODE（代碼）, READONLY（只讀）。
;|.text|習(xí)慣性命名，表示由C編譯程序產(chǎn)生的代碼段，或用于以某種方式與C庫關(guān)聯(lián)的代碼段
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY

;下面代碼相當(dāng)于定義了Reset_Handler這個(gè)函數(shù)，我們通過Reset_Handler變量的地址就可以跳轉(zhuǎn)過來
;由于這個(gè)段是這個(gè)文件唯一的代碼段，且把main函數(shù)地址作為變量導(dǎo)入所以，cpu上電后會(huì)從下面程序開始
;運(yùn)行。
Reset_Handler PROC

;EXPORT xxxx [WEAK]這句偽指令很重要。意思是說如果在其他文件中沒有定義xxxx這個(gè)變量，
;那么這里定義的xxxx，1.有效，2.作為輸出供其他文件中的函數(shù)調(diào)用。如果其文件定義了xxxx那么這個(gè)文件定
;義的xxxx無效?？梢栽賏rm的匯編指南中查閱到。
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
;導(dǎo)入變量__main與SystemInit。一個(gè)是用戶主程序，一個(gè)是系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘初始化程序
IMPORT __main
IMPORT SystemInit
;有返回的調(diào)用SystemInit函數(shù)，初始化系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘
;可以看出，在進(jìn)入main函數(shù)之前，這里先初始換了系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘。在主函數(shù)中，就不用調(diào)用這個(gè)函數(shù)了
;SystemInit這個(gè)函數(shù)是在文件system_stm32f10x.c中實(shí)現(xiàn)的。system_stm32f10x.c在固件庫的目錄為
;STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0LibrariesCMSISCM3DeviceSupportSTSTM32F10x
LDR R0, =SystemInit
BLX R0
;無返回的調(diào)用main函數(shù)，把控制全交給main函數(shù)。
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
ENDP

;下面從NMI_Handler到SysTick_Handler PROC定義的是內(nèi)核中斷函數(shù)。
;在這里可以看出，如果用戶不定義這些函數(shù)，經(jīng)使用下面的定義。由偽指令EXPORT [WEAK]決定
;一定中斷發(fā)生且被允許，將執(zhí)行B .。這是個(gè)死循環(huán)相當(dāng)于jump $
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP

;下面中斷函數(shù)有st給出，同樣用戶如果不自己定義，
;一定中斷允許且發(fā)生，將進(jìn)入死循環(huán)
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN


;下面這些代碼初始化堆棧。
;他們是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的，以你為我們的main和__main是不同的，__main進(jìn)過編譯后的main，
;編譯器要對進(jìn)入main做了些手腳，初始化C語言環(huán)境，其中就要堆棧。
;下面這些就是在那時(shí)候用的?？梢愿櫟剿麄冊谶M(jìn)入main前的執(zhí)行。
;當(dāng)然要在disassembly先才可以看到。
;見解來自Triquinne from elecfans
;http://www.elecfans.com/emb/danpianji/20120910287921_6.html
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB

EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit

ELSE

IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap

__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END



好了就這么多了，上面的解釋也差不多了。