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            EEPW首頁 > 嵌入式系統(tǒng) > 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 > arm linux 下中斷流程簡(jiǎn)要分析中斷處理流程

            arm linux 下中斷流程簡(jiǎn)要分析中斷處理流程

            作者: 時(shí)間:2016-11-09 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
            三 響應(yīng)中斷

            首先在分析源碼之前,讓我們了解一些原理性的東西,我們都知道在處理中斷要保存當(dāng)前現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài),然后才能處理中斷,處理完之后還要把現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài)恢復(fù)過來才能返回到被中斷的地方繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,這里要說明的是在指令跳轉(zhuǎn)到中斷向量的地方開始執(zhí)行之前,CPU幫我們做了哪些事情:

            本文引用地址:http://www.biyoush.com/article/201611/317838.htm


            R14_irq =要執(zhí)行的下條指令地址+ 4//這里的下條指令是相對(duì)于被中斷指令的下條。即返回地址

            SPSR_irq = CPSR//保存的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài),r0到r12要由我們軟件來保存(如果需要的話)。

            CPSR[4:0] = 0b10010//進(jìn)入中斷模式

            CPSR[5] = 0//在ARM模式下執(zhí)行(不是Thumb下)

            CPSR[7] = 1//關(guān)掉IRQ中斷,F(xiàn)IQ還是開著

            PC = 0Xffff0018/0x00000018//根據(jù)異常向量表的位置,跳轉(zhuǎn)到特定的中斷向量處去執(zhí)行。

            更詳細(xì)的關(guān)于異常處理的細(xì)節(jié)可參考<>

            接下來我們?cè)趤矸治鰓atchdog產(chǎn)生中斷后的處理流程:

            當(dāng)watchdog超時(shí)時(shí)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生中斷,中斷號(hào)就是IRQ_WDT,當(dāng)產(chǎn)生中斷時(shí),系統(tǒng)將從跳轉(zhuǎn)表中的中斷位置開始運(yùn)行,對(duì)于我們這篇文章來說:是從0xffff0000 + 24處開始運(yùn)行。 這個(gè)地址的指令是:

            bvector_irq + stubs_offset

            即直接跳轉(zhuǎn)到vector_irq處去運(yùn)行。這些都在中斷初始化的時(shí)候分析過了。

            我們來看vector_irq,它是通過宏vector_stub來定義的:

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            /*

            * Interrupt dispatcher

            */

            vector_stubirq, IRQ_MODE, 4/*這是個(gè)宏定義*/

            /*下面這些都是不同模式下的irq處理函數(shù)*/

            .long__irq_usr@0(USR_26 / USR_32)

            .long__irq_invalid@1(FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)

            .long__irq_invalid@2(IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)

            .long__irq_svc@3(SVC_26 / SVC_32)

            .long__irq_invalid@4

            .long__irq_invalid@5

            .long__irq_invalid@6

            .long__irq_invalid@7

            .long__irq_invalid@8

            .long__irq_invalid@9

            .long__irq_invalid@a

            .long__irq_invalid@b

            .long__irq_invalid@c

            .long__irq_invalid@d

            .long__irq_invalid@e

            .long__irq_invalid@f

            來看宏vector_stub

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            .macrovector_stub, name, mode, correction=0

            .align5

            vector_/name:

            .if /correction

            sublr, lr, #/correction

            .endif

            @

            @ Save r0, lr_ (parent PC) and spsr_

            @ (parent CPSR)

            @

            stmiasp, {r0, lr}@ save r0, lr

            mrslr, spsr

            strlr, [sp, #8]@ save spsr

            @

            @ Prepare for SVC32 mode.IRQs remain disabled.

            @

            mrsr0, cpsr

            eorr0, r0, #(/mode ^ SVC_MODE)

            msrspsr_cxsf, r0

            @

            @ the branch table must immediately follow this code

            @

            andlr, lr, #0x0f

            movr0, sp

            ldrlr, [pc, lr, lsl #2]

            movspc, lr@ branch to handler in SVC mode

            .endm

            這樣展開后vector_irq如下所示:

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            vector_irq:

            .if 4

            @ lr保存的是被打斷指令處地址+8的值,(看上面的分析,由PC得到), 這里-4則就是中斷

            @處理完后的返回地址,在中斷處理完后該值會(huì)賦給PC

            sublr, lr, #4

            .endif

            @

            @ Save r0, lr_ (parent PC) and spsr_

            @ (parent CPSR)

            @ r0后面會(huì)用到所以要保存。

            stmiasp, {r0, lr}@ save r0, lr,保存r0,lr到棧上,這里的棧是中斷模式下的。

            mrslr, spsr@獲取spsr的值,該值保存了被中斷處執(zhí)行環(huán)境的狀態(tài)(參考上面的分析)

            strlr, [sp, #8]@ save spsr, 保存到棧上

            @

            @ Prepare for SVC32 mode.IRQs remain disabled.

            @

            mrsr0, cpsr

            eorr0, r0, #( IRQ_MODE ^ SVC_MODE)

            msrspsr_cxsf, r0@把spsr設(shè)置成管理模式

            @

            @ the branch table must immediately follow this code

            @

            andlr, lr, #0x0f

            movr0, sp

            ldrlr, [pc, lr, lsl #2]

            movspc, lr@ branch to handler in SVC mode @ pc = lr, cpsr = spsr

            .endm

            movs的目的對(duì)象如果是pc的話,則還會(huì)把spsr賦值給cpsr,上面我們看到spsr被設(shè)成管理模式,因此這條語句過后的代碼也就跑在了管理模式下。

            此時(shí)的棧情況如下:



            S_FRAME_SIZE,S_PC在arch/arm/kernel/Asm-offsets.c:中定義

            DEFINE(S_FRAME_SIZE,sizeof(struct pt_regs));

            DEFINE(S_PC,offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_pc));

            include/asm-arm/Ptrace.h:

            struct pt_regs {

            long uregs[18];

            };

            #define ARM_pcuregs[15]

            ,pt_regs中對(duì)應(yīng)的就是上面棧上的18個(gè)寄存器,ARM_pc是pc寄存器存放在這個(gè)數(shù)組中的偏移。

            接著看get_thread_info, 它也是個(gè)宏,用來獲取當(dāng)前線程的地址。在我的一篇linux啟動(dòng)代碼分析里曾寫過線程的定義方式:

            include/linux/Sched.h:

            union thread_union {

            struct thread_info thread_info;/*線程屬性*/

            unsigned long stack[THREAD_SIZE/sizeof(long)];/*棧*/

            };

            由它定義的線程是8K字節(jié)對(duì)齊的, 并且在這8K的最低地址處存放的就是thread_info對(duì)象,即該棧擁有者線程的對(duì)象,而get_thread_info就是通過把sp低13位清0(8K邊界)來獲取當(dāng)前thread_info對(duì)象的地址。

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            .macroget_thread_info, rd

            mov/rd, sp, lsr #13

            mov/rd, /rd, lsl #13

            .endm

            調(diào)用該宏后寄存器tsk里存放的就是當(dāng)前線程的地址了,tsk是哪個(gè)寄存器呢,我們?cè)诳矗?o:p>

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-header.S:

            tsk.reqr9@ current thread_info

            ,tsk只是r9的別名而已, 因此這時(shí)r9里保存的就是當(dāng)前線程的地址。

            我們接著看irq_handler:

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            .macroirq_handler

            1:get_irqnr_and_base r0, r6, r5, lr@平臺(tái)相關(guān),獲取中斷號(hào)

            movner1, sp@如果r0(中斷號(hào))不等于0,則r1指向sp所在地址,即pt_regs對(duì)象地址(看上圖)

            @

            @ routine called with r0 = irq number, r1 = struct pt_regs *

            @

            adrnelr, 1b@如果r0(中斷號(hào))不等于0,lr(返回地址)等于標(biāo)號(hào)1處,即

            @ get_irqnr_and_base r0, r6, r5, lr的那行,即循環(huán)處理所有的中斷。

            bneasm_do_IRQ@處理該中斷

            #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

            /*

            * XXX

            *

            * this macro assumes that irqstat (r6) and base (r5) are

            * preserved from get_irqnr_and_base above

            */

            test_for_ipi r0, r6, r5, lr

            movner0, sp

            adrnelr, 1b

            bnedo_IPI

            #ifdef CONFIG_LOCAL_TIMERS

            test_for_ltirq r0, r6, r5, lr

            movner0, sp

            adrnelr, 1b

            bnedo_local_timer

            #endif

            #endif

            .endm

            get_irqnr_and_base是平臺(tái)相關(guān)的,這里就不列出來了,對(duì)于s3c2410,代碼在include/asm-arm/s3c2410/entry-macro.S里,該宏處理完后,r0 =中斷號(hào),接下來r1賦值為sp地址(pt_regs對(duì)象地址), 最后調(diào)用c函數(shù)asm_do_IRQ, r0, r1作為參數(shù)被傳遞進(jìn)去。asm_do_IRQ()處理完后將返回到lr指向的地址處即上面匯編部分標(biāo)號(hào)為1的地址處繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。

            我們把__irq_usr的匯編部分分析完后再來分析asm_do_IRQ()等c函數(shù)。

            Arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S:

            __irq_usr:

            ……

            ……

            mov why, #0@ why = 0, why是r8的別名,

            b ret_to_user@返回到用戶模式下

            我們看ret_to_user

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S:

            ENTRY(ret_to_user)

            ret_slow_syscall:

            disable_irq@ disable interrupts@關(guān)中斷,

            ldrr1, [tsk, #TI_FLAGS] @獲取thread_info中flags域的值

            tstr1, #_TIF_WORK_MASK@判斷task是否被阻塞

            bnework_pending@根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)程的切換。

            no_work_pending:

            @ slow_restore_user_regs

            ldrr1, [sp, #S_PSR]@ get calling cpsr獲取被中斷代碼處的狀態(tài)(cpsp)

            ldrlr, [sp, #S_PC]!@ get pc獲取返回地址(被中斷代碼的下條代碼處的地址)

            msrspsr_cxsf, r1@ save in spsr_svc, spsr里保存好被中斷代碼處的狀態(tài)(cpsp)

            ldmdbsp, {r0 - lr}^@ get calling r1 – lr從棧上獲取用戶態(tài)下的r0到lr的值

            movr0, r0

            addsp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE - S_PC@棧地址恢復(fù),避免多個(gè)中斷后溢出

            movspc, lr@ return & move spsr_svc into cpsr, 返回被中斷代碼處繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,并把spsr賦給cpsp,即恢復(fù)被中斷處的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài)。這樣CPU又可以從被中斷的地方繼續(xù)執(zhí)行了,而且這個(gè)時(shí)候所有的寄存器值(r0到r12),包括狀態(tài)寄存器值(cpsr)都是源碼被中斷時(shí)的值。

            我們順便看下work_pending

            arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S:

            work_pending:

            tstr1, #_TIF_NEED_RESCHED@判斷是否需要調(diào)度進(jìn)程

            bnework_resched@進(jìn)程調(diào)度

            tstr1, #_TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME | _TIF_SIGPENDING

            beqno_work_pending@無需調(diào)度,返回

            movr0, sp@ regs

            movr2, why@ syscall

            bldo_notify_resume

            bret_slow_syscall@ Check work again

            由該匯編可知,如果在用戶模式下產(chǎn)生中斷的話,在返回的時(shí)候,會(huì)根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)程調(diào)度,而從代碼可知,如果中斷發(fā)生在管理等內(nèi)核模式下的話是不會(huì)進(jìn)行進(jìn)程調(diào)度的。

            Ok,中斷的流程大體就是這樣的,下面我們就開始分析c函數(shù)里的中斷流程。

            先來看asm_do_IRQ

            arch/arm/kernel/Irq.c:

            /*

            * do_IRQ handles all hardware IRQs.Decoded IRQs should not

            * come via this function.Instead, they should provide their

            * own handler

            */

            asmlinkage void asm_do_IRQ(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs)

            {

            struct irqdesc *desc = irq_desc + irq; /*獲取中斷描述符*/

            /*

            * Some hardware gives randomly wrong interrupts.Rather

            * than crashing, do something sensible.

            */

            if (irq >= NR_IRQS)/*參數(shù)檢查*/

            desc = &bad_irq_desc;

            irq_enter();

            desc_handle_irq(irq, desc, regs);/*中斷處理*/

            /* AT91 specific workaround */

            irq_finish(irq);

            irq_exit();

            }

            該函數(shù)的調(diào)用desc_handle_irq()來繼續(xù)處理中斷。

            include/asm-arm/mach/Irq.h:

            /*

            * Obsolete inline function for calling irq descriptor handlers.

            */

            static inline void desc_handle_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc,

            struct pt_regs *regs)

            {

            desc->handle_irq(irq, desc, regs);

            }

            調(diào)用中斷描述符的handler_irq函數(shù)來處理該中斷,對(duì)于IRQ_WDT就是do_edge_IRQ(前面分析過)。

            include/asm-arm/mach/Irq.h:

            #define do_edge_IRQhandle_edge_irq

            kernel/irq/Chip.c:

            /

            *handle_edge_irq - edge type IRQ handler

            *@irq:the interrupt number

            *@desc:the interrupt description structure for this irq

            *@regs:pointer to a register structure

            *

            *Interrupt occures on the falling and/or rising edge of a hardware

            *signal. The occurence is latched into the irq controller hardware

            *and must be acked in order to be reenabled. After the ack another

            *interrupt can happen on the same source even before the first one

            *is handled by the assosiacted event handler. If this happens it

            *might be necessary to disable (mask) the interrupt depending on the

            *controller hardware. This requires to reenable the interrupt inside

            *of the loop which handles the interrupts which have arrived while

            *the handler was running. If all pending interrupts are handled, the

            *loop is left.

            */

            void fastcall

            handle_edge_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc, struct pt_regs *regs)

            {

            const unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();

            spin_lock(&desc->lock);

            desc->status &= ~(IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING);

            /*

            * If were currently running this IRQ, or its disabled,

            * we shouldnt process the IRQ. Mark it pending, handle

            * the necessary masking and go out

            */

            /*

            *如果該中斷正在處理或者該中斷被disable掉了的話,就不處理該中斷,并清掉pending

            *寄存器里的相應(yīng)位

            */

            if (unlikely((desc->status & (IRQ_INPROGRESS | IRQ_DISABLED)) ||

            !desc->action)) {

            desc->status |= (IRQ_PENDING | IRQ_MASKED);

            mask_ack_irq(desc, irq);/*mask該中斷,清pending標(biāo)志位*/

            goto out_unlock;

            }

            kstat_cpu(cpu).irqs[irq]++;/*統(tǒng)計(jì)中斷數(shù)量*/

            /* Start handling the irq */

            /*開始處理中斷,先清掉pending標(biāo)志位*/

            desc->chip->ack(irq);

            /* Mark the IRQ currently in progress.*/

            desc->status |= IRQ_INPROGRESS;/*標(biāo)上正在處理的標(biāo)記*/

            do {

            struct irqaction *action = desc->action;/*獲取該中斷的action*/

            irqreturn_t action_ret;

            if (unlikely(!action)) {

            desc->chip->mask(irq)/*如果沒有注冊(cè)action,則mask該中斷*/;

            goto out_unlock;

            }

            /*

            * When another irq arrived while we were handling

            * one, we could have masked the irq.

            * Renable it, if it was not disabled in meantime.

            */

            /*

            *如果以前被mask掉的話,在這里把它打開

            */

            if (unlikely((desc->status &

            (IRQ_PENDING | IRQ_MASKED | IRQ_DISABLED)) ==

            (IRQ_PENDING | IRQ_MASKED))) {

            desc->chip->unmask(irq); /*unmask該中斷*/

            desc->status &= ~IRQ_MASKED;

            }

            desc->status &= ~IRQ_PENDING;

            spin_unlock(&desc->lock);

            action_ret = handle_IRQ_event(irq, regs, action);/*處理中斷事件*/

            if (!noirqdebug)

            note_interrupt(irq, desc, action_ret, regs);

            spin_lock(&desc->lock);

            /*如果有IRQ_PENDING狀態(tài),則說明又有中斷產(chǎn)生過,則繼續(xù)執(zhí)行*/

            } while ((desc->status & (IRQ_PENDING | IRQ_DISABLED)) == IRQ_PENDING);

            desc->status &= ~IRQ_INPROGRESS;

            out_unlock:

            spin_unlock(&desc->lock);

            }

            該函數(shù)的大體功能都在函數(shù)體內(nèi)解釋出來了,這里我們對(duì)調(diào)用的每個(gè)函數(shù)在進(jìn)行分析。

            先看mask_ack_irq

            kernel/irq/Chip.c:

            static inline void mask_ack_irq(struct irq_desc *desc, int irq)

            {

            if (desc->chip->mask_ack)/*對(duì)于IRQ_WDT, 該函數(shù)沒定義*/

            desc->chip->mask_ack(irq);

            else {

            desc->chip->mask(irq); /*對(duì)于IRQ_WDT,該函數(shù)就是s3c_irq_mask*/

            desc->chip->ack(irq);/*對(duì)于IRQ_WDT,該函數(shù)就是s3c_irq_ack*/

            }

            }

            可以看到它調(diào)用具體平臺(tái)相關(guān)的mask函數(shù)來處理該中斷。

            我們來看s3c_irq_mask

            arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/Irq.c:

            static void

            s3c_irq_mask(unsigned int irqno)

            {

            unsigned long mask;

            irqno -= IRQ_EINT0;

            mask = __raw_readl(S3C2410_INTMSK);

            mask |= 1UL << irqno;/*mask掉對(duì)應(yīng)的中斷號(hào)*/

            __raw_writel(mask, S3C2410_INTMSK);/*寫MASK寄存器*/

            }

            改函數(shù)僅僅是把MASK寄存器中對(duì)應(yīng)的中斷mask掉,即不再響應(yīng)該中斷

            arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/Irq.c:

            static inline void

            s3c_irq_ack(unsigned int irqno)

            {

            unsigned long bitval = 1UL << (irqno - IRQ_EINT0);

            /*清除pending寄存器的相應(yīng)位*/

            __raw_writel(bitval, S3C2410_SRCPND);

            __raw_writel(bitval, S3C2410_INTPND);

            }

            由上面這兩個(gè)函數(shù)可以看出來mask_ack_irq的作用是先mask掉該中斷,并清除pending位,中斷被mask掉后系統(tǒng)就不再響應(yīng)了, 而pending位被清掉說明系統(tǒng)中該中斷沒有觸發(fā)。一般在中斷處理完后都要清pending位, 要不然系統(tǒng)會(huì)認(rèn)為該中斷又被觸發(fā)了。

            handle_edge_irq()里調(diào)用的unmask函數(shù),其實(shí)就是打開相應(yīng)的中斷,讓系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)這個(gè)中斷,代碼就不列出來了。

            接下來中斷看handle_IRQ_event(),它才是真正的中斷處理函數(shù)。

            kernel/irq/handle.c:

            /

            * handle_IRQ_event - irq action chain handler

            * @irq:the interrupt number

            * @regs:pointer to a register structure

            * @action:the interrupt action chain for this irq

            *

            * Handles the action chain of an irq event

            */

            irqreturn_t handle_IRQ_event(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs,

            struct irqaction *action)

            {

            irqreturn_t ret, retval = IRQ_NONE;

            unsigned int status = 0;

            handle_dynamic_tick(action);

            /*下面這個(gè)if判斷:當(dāng)執(zhí)行action操作時(shí)是否可以打開中斷*/

            if (!(action->flags & IRQF_DISABLED))

            local_irq_enable_in_hardirq();/*打開中斷*/

            do {

            /*

            *中斷handler,也就是我們通過request_irq注冊(cè)的中斷函數(shù),對(duì)于IRQ_WDT就是

            * s3c2410wdt_irq

            */

            ret = action->handler(irq, action->dev_id, regs);

            if (ret == IRQ_HANDLED)

            status |= action->flags;

            retval |= ret;

            action = action->next; /*記得嗎,如果該中斷可以共享的話,它就不為NULL*/

            } while (action);

            if (status & IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM)

            add_interrupt_randomness(irq);

            local_irq_disable();

            return retval;

            }

            該函數(shù)主要就是調(diào)用了action的handler函數(shù),也就是我們用request_irq注冊(cè)的中斷例程。這里需要注意的是:如果我們注冊(cè)中斷的時(shí)候指明可以共享的話,則必須在我們的中斷例程里判斷當(dāng)前產(chǎn)生的中斷是否就是我們自己的中斷,這可以通過傳進(jìn)來的參數(shù)來判斷(該參數(shù)就是我們注冊(cè)時(shí)提供的)。

            OK,到這里整個(gè)中斷的流程就大致分析完了。



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