開發(fā)板為華天正的real6410，選定的內(nèi)核版本為linux-2.6.37，交叉工具鏈為開發(fā)板自帶的。

1、修改Makefile

首先修改Makefile，對交叉工具和目標(biāo)架構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)置。具體如下：

-ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)

-CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)

+ARCH ?= arm

+CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

2、修改機(jī)器碼

可以修改u-boot，也可以修改kernel，只要兩者匹配即可。建議修改kernel的，因?yàn)閮?nèi)核的修改比較容易一些。

在u-boot/include/configs/smdk6410.h文件中：

#define MACH_TYPE 1626

在linux-2.6.37/arch/arm/tools/mach-types中修改如下：

-real6410 MACH_REAL6410 REAL6410 2990

+real6410 MACH_REAL6410 REAL6410 1626

3、進(jìn)行NFS相關(guān)配置，并從NFS啟動系統(tǒng)

設(shè)置啟動方式：

setenv bootargs noinitrd root=/dev/nfs console=ttySAC0 nfsroot=192.168.1.10:/home/fantity/work/real6410/target/real6410_fs ip=192.168.1.20:192.168.1.10:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:on fbcon=rotate:1 init=/linuxrc

移植過程中需要配置NFS和相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動，否則出現(xiàn)如下錯誤：

VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(0,255)

Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,255)

[] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [] (panic+0x54/0x174)

[] (panic+0x54/0x174) from [] (mount_block_root+0x25c/0x2ac)

[] (mount_block_root+0x25c/0x2ac) from [] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc)

[] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc) from [] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c)

[] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)

相關(guān)的配置如下圖所示，注意，NFS的配置選項(xiàng)必須在TCP/IP選擇之后才可以看到。

[*] Networking support --->

Networking options --->

[*] TCP/IP networking

[*] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration

[*] IP: BOOTP support

Device Drivers --->

[*] Network device support --->

<*> PHY Device support and infrastructure --->

[*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->

<*> DM9000 support

File systems --->

[*] Network File Systems --->

<*> NFS client support

[*] NFS client support for NFS version 3

[ ] NFS client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension

[*] NFS client support for NFS version 4

[ ] NFS client support for NFSv4.1

[*] Root file system on NFS

4、Nand Flash配置

對arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx/mach-real6410.c作出如下修改：

static struct mtd_partition real6410_nand_part[] = {

[0] = {

- .name = "uboot",

- .size = SZ_1M,

- .offset = 0,

+ .name = "uboot",

+ .offset = 0,

+ .size = (256*SZ_1K),

+ .mask_flags = MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH,

},

[1] = {

- .name = "kernel",

- .size = SZ_2M,

- .offset = SZ_1M,

+ .name = "Kernel",

+ .offset = (256*SZ_1K),

+ .size = (4*SZ_1M) - (256*SZ_1K),

+ .mask_flags = MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH,

},

[2] = {

- .name = "rootfs",

- .size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,

- .offset = SZ_1M + SZ_2M,

+ .name = "cramfs",

+ .offset = (4*SZ_1M),

+ .size = (4*SZ_1M),

+ },

+ [3] = {

+ .name = "ubifs",

+ .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,

+ .size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,

},

};

將驅(qū)動s3c_nand.c、regs-nand.h文件拷貝到相應(yīng)的目錄drivers/mtd/nand/s3c_nand.c和arch/arm/plat-samsung/include/plat/regs-nand.h下。

同時修改文件drivers/mtd/nand/Kconfig

+config MTD_NAND_S3C

+ state "NAND Flash support for Samsung S3C SoCs"

+ depends on ARCH_S3C2410 || ARCH_S3C64XX

+ help

+ This enables the NAND flash controller on the S3C SoCs

+

+ No board specific support is done by this driver, each board

+ must advertise a platform_device for the driver to attach.

+

+config MTD_NAND_S3C_DEBUG

+ bool "Samsung S3C NAND driver debug"

+ depends on MTD_NAND_S3C

+ help

+ Enable debugging of the S3C NAND driver

+

+config MTD_NAND_S3C_HWECC

+ bool "Samsung S3C NAND Hardware ECC"

+ depends on MTD_NAND_S3C

+ help

+ Enable the use of the controllers internal ECC generator when

+ using NAND. Early versions of the chips have had problems with

+ incorrect ECC generation, and if using these, the default of

+ software ECC is preferable.

修改文件drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile

obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_S3C2410) += s3c2410.o

+obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_S3C) += s3c_nand.o

需要選擇如下驅(qū)動配置：

Device Drivers --->

<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->

<*> NAND Device Support --->

<> NAND Flash support for Samsung S3C SoCs //不選

<*> NAND Flash support for S3C SoC

[*] S3C NAND Hardware ECC

[ ] S3C NAND driver debug

編譯內(nèi)核，出現(xiàn)如下錯誤：

drivers/built-in.o: In function `s3c_nand_probe:

/home/weimen/Work/realarm/lsp/kernel/real6410_linux-2.6.37/drivers/mtd/nand/s3c_nand.c:1192: undefined reference to `add_mtd_partitions

修改內(nèi)核配置，make menuconfig，添加分區(qū)支持配置。

Device Drivers --->

<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->

[*] MTD partitioning support

系統(tǒng)啟動，出現(xiàn)如下信息時，說明nand driver移植正常。

S3C NAND Driver, (c) 2008 Samsung Electronics

S3C NAND Driver is using hardware ECC.

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xd3 (Samsung )

Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 1GiB 3,3V 8-bit":

0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "uboot"

0x000000040000-0x000000400000 : "Kernel"

0x000000400000-0x000000800000 : "cramfs"

0x000000800000-0x000040000000 : "ubifs"

根文件系統(tǒng)啟動到最后，出現(xiàn)如下錯誤。

VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.

VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock2" or unknown-block(2,0)

Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)

[] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [] (panic+0x54/0x174)

[] (panic+0x54/0x174) from [] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210)

[] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210) from [] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0)

[] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0) from [] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc)

[] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc) from [] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c)

[] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)

上面的問題在于沒有配置好mtd的驅(qū)動，對驅(qū)動進(jìn)行如下配置，下面分別表示可以將MTD設(shè)備當(dāng)作字符設(shè)備和塊設(shè)備進(jìn)行操作。選擇之后通過NFS掛載，在/dev/目錄下出現(xiàn)mtdblock1、mtdblock2、mtdblock3、mtdblock4設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)。

<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->

<*> Direct char device access to MTD devices

<*> Caching block device access to MTD devices

上面的配置完成后，出現(xiàn)如下錯誤：

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 0

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 0

s3c6400_setup_sdhci_cfg_card: CTRL 2=c0004100, 3=80808080

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 0

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 0

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 8

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 1

mmc0: mmc_rescan: trying to init card at 200000 Hz

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 8

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 1

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 24

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 3

s3c6400_setup_sdhci_cfg_card: CTRL 2=c0004100, 3=80808080

end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 24

Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock2, logical block 3

List of all partitions:

1f00 256 mtdblock0 (driver?)

1f01 3840 mtdblock1 (driver?)

1f02 4096 mtdblock2 (driver?)

1f03 1040384 mtdblock3 (driver?)

No filesystem could mount root, tried: cramfs

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)

[] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [] (panic+0x54/0x174)

[] (panic+0x54/0x174) from [] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210)

[] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210) from [] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0)

[] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0) from [] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc)

[] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc) from [] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c)

[] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)

在網(wǎng)上查了下，說是要關(guān)閉Hard ECC，關(guān)閉之后又出現(xiàn)如下錯誤，可能是cramfs的問題，需要重新制作，這個問題后面再解決了。

List of all partitions:

1f00 256 mtdblock0 (driver?)

1f01 3840 mtdblock1 (driver?)

1f02 4096 mtdblock2 (driver?)

1f03 1040384 mtdblock3 (driver?)

No filesystem could mount root, tried: cramfs

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)

[] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [] (panic+0x6c/0x188)

[] (panic+0x6c/0x188) from [] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210)

[] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210) from [] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0)

[] (mount_root+0xa0/0xc0) from [] (prepare_namespace+0x158/0x1b0)

[] (prepare_namespace+0x158/0x1b0) from [] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c)

[] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x14c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)

5、制作ubifs文件系統(tǒng)

先使用NFS掛載文件系統(tǒng)，使用如下配置：

setenv bootargs noinitrd root=/dev/nfs console=ttySAC0 nfsroot=192.168.1.115:/home/xx/Work/realarm/target/rootfs_cramfs ip=192.168.1.20:192.168.1.10:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:on fbcon=rotate:1 init=/linuxrc

使用ubifs文件系統(tǒng)，其中mtd3分區(qū)即為ubifs分區(qū)。使用如下命令將文件系統(tǒng)燒錄進(jìn)nand中。（注意需要關(guān)閉硬件ECC校驗(yàn)，否則/sbin/ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 3會出錯）。

且讀取啟動開發(fā)板時會出現(xiàn)如下錯誤：

UBI error: ubi_io_read: error -74 (ECC error) while reading 2048 bytes from PEB 547:2048, read 2048 bytes

UBI error: ubi_io_read: error -74 (ECC error) while reading 64 bytes from PEB 548:0, read 64 bytes

使用命令/sbin/ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 3，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)如下錯誤時，說明ubifs文件系統(tǒng)未配置好。

ubiattach: error!: UBI is not present in the system

再次執(zhí)行make menuconfig配置好ubifs文件系統(tǒng)

File systems --->

[*] Miscellaneous filesystems --->

<*> UBIFS file system support

新建一個文件夾rootfs_qtopia，將開發(fā)板所提供的源碼包qtopia.tar.gz解壓進(jìn)去。同時解壓源碼包qtopia-2.2.0-Real6410.tar.bz2，并對其進(jìn)行編譯，執(zhí)行./build命令。安裝結(jié)果就在qtopia-2.2.0-Real6410/qtopia/image/opt目錄。使用編譯出來的qtopia-2.2.0-Real6410/qtopia/image/opt替換rootfs_qtopia/opt。打包成Qt文件系統(tǒng)

cd rootfs_qtopia/

$ /sbin/flash_eraseall /dev/mtd3

$ /sbin/ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 3

$ /sbin/ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m

$ mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/nfs

$ tar xvf /qtopia-2.2.0-Real6410.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/nfs/

$ sync

修改啟動命令為：

setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=224M console=ttySAC0 init=/linuxrc ubi.mtd=3 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs

如下是啟動信息：

UBIFS: recovery completed

UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"

UBIFS: file system size: 1034514432 bytes (1010268 KiB, 986 MiB, 4009 LEBs)

UBIFS: journal size: 33546240 bytes (32760 KiB, 31 MiB, 130 LEBs)

UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)

UBIFS: default compressor: lzo

UBIFS: reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)

VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:10.

Freeing init memory: 128K

hwclock: cant open /dev/misc/rtc: No such file or directory

amixer: Control default open error: No such file or directory

amixer: Control default open error: No such file or directory

/usr/sbin/alsactl: load_state:1236: No soundcards found...

Try to bring eth0 interface up....../etc/init.d/ifconfig-eth0: line 6: //ifconfig: not found

eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x4DE1

Done

Now,starting the qtopia-2.2.0....

unifi_sdio: version magic 2.6.28.6 preempt mod_unload ARMv6 should be 2.6.37-gfb40001 preempt mod_unload ARMv6

insmod: cannot insert /lib/modules/2.6.28.6/unifi_sdio.ko: invalid module format

Please press Enter to activate this console. Cannot open touchscreen /dev/input/event1 (No such file or directory)

Mouse type intelliMouse:/dev/input/mice unsupported

Warning: could not register server

[root@Real6410 /]# pwd

/